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Simple MCQ's

Staphylococcus aureus Egg Appearance

Ans. a. Staphylococcus aureus Egg Appearance  Staphylococcal food poisoning results from the ingestion of preformed enterotoxins, which have rapid onset of (1 to 6 hours) nausea and vomiting and usually resolve in less than 24 hours without treatment. (Ref Jawetz 2 7le p 187)

MBBS / CBME

Hyperreflexia

Name the 2 signs exhibited here? & Explain the significance of them?⦁ Hyperreflexia⦁ Ankle Clonus⦁ These signs are characteristics of Upper motor neuron dysfunction (e.g. due to stroke, trauma, cerebral palsy, or multiple sclerosis).⦁ However when there is no signs of paresis/paralysis + presence of Bilateral ankle clonus and hyperreflexia then Serotonin syndrome is strongly suggested.

Simple MCQ's

SRQ: Simple Recall MCQ

Apo-B48 is made by: a. RNAsplicing b. RNAediting c. RNAinterference d. DNAtranslocation   Ans. b. RNA editing Apo B-48 (48% of B-100) is formed from the same mRNA as apo B-100 after the introduction of a stop signal by an RNA editing enzyme. (Ref Harper 30/e p254)

MBBS / CBME

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)

How do you term the condition where there is the inability to perform the gaze shown in the MRI due to the lesion in the MLF?Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)It is an ocular movement disorder that presents as inability to perform conjugate lateral gaze and ophthalmoplegia due to damage to the interneuron between two nuclei of cranial nerves (CN) VI and CN III (internuclear). This interneuron is called the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). The MLF can be damaged by any lesion (e.g., demyelinating, ischemic, neoplastic, inflammatory) in the pons or midbrain.

Simple MCQ's

SRQ: Simple Recall MCQ

Q: Acid and hypertonic solution in the duodenum inhibits the gastric emptying. How do you term this reflex?A. Enterogastric reflex B. Gastrocolic reflex C. Gastroileal reflex D. Myenteric reflexAns. A. Enterogastric reflex "The enterogastric inhibitory reflexes are especially sensitive to the presence of irritants and acids in the duodenal chyme, and they often become strongly activated within as little as 30 seconds. For instance, whenever the pH of the chyme in the duodenum falls below about 3.5 to 4, the reflexes frequently block further release of acidic stomach contents into the duodenum until the duodenal chyme can be neutralized by pancreatic and other secretions." (Ref Guyton 13/e p801, 811, 812)

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